median value

Thân thiện

The median value of the test scores was 85.

Definition

Noun: * Median Value: The middle value in a set of numbers that are arranged in order from smallest to largest. It is the value that separates the higher half from the lower half of a data set. If there is an even number of values, the median is calculated as the average of the two middle numbers.

Usage

The term is used primarily in statistics and data analysis to describe the central tendency of a dataset. It is especially useful when the data contains extreme values (outliers), as it is less affected by them than the average (mean).

Examples

• In the ordered set [3, 5, 7, 9, 11], the median value is 7.
• To find the median value of household incomes in a city, all incomes are listed in order, and the middle one is identified.
• The report highlighted that the median value of the test scores was 78, meaning half the students scored above and half scored below this number.

Advanced Usage

• Median vs. Mean: The median value is often compared to the arithmetic mean (average). For the dataset [1, 2, 3, 4, 100], the mean is 22, but the median value is 3, which is often a better representation of a "typical" value in this case.
• Statistical Reports: It is commonly used in official reports (e.g., "the median value of home prices") to give a more realistic picture than the average when the data is skewed.

Variants and Related Words

• Median (noun/adjective): A shorter, more common form of "median value." (e.g., "The median income rose by 2%.")
• Median Point: In geometry, this refers to a different concept (the midpoint of a line segment).

Synonyms

• Midpoint (in the context of ordered data)
• Middle value
• 50th percentile

Related Phrases

• Median household income: A standard economic indicator.
• Median age: The age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the value below which 50% of the cases fall

Từ đồng nghĩa

• median